ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of 50% broken rice (BR) in diets for meat quail from 1 to 35 days old, starting at different ages. A total of 875 mixed quail were allocated to five treatments in a completely randomized design with five replicates of 35 birds. The treatments consisted of a maize- and soybean meal-based control diet and four other similar diets in which the inclusion of 50% BR was started at different ages, namely, 1st, 8th, 15th and 22nd days. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and mortality rate were evaluated weekly. At 35 days, 10 quail per plot were weighed and selected to be slaughtered for evaluations of live weight, carcass yield and gizzard yield. Lastly, a study of economic viability was carried out. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was detected for the performance parameters, live weight or carcass yield, but a higher gizzard yield was found (p < 0.05) in the treatment without BR. The inclusion of BR from the first day of life provided better economic viability. Diets with a maximum inclusion of 50% BR can be formulated for meat quail at any age.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate levels of inclusion of pinto beans in diets for quail in the laying phase on their performance and egg quality. A total of 280 Japanese quail in the laying phase were distributed into five treatments in a completely randomized design with eight replicates and seven birds per plot. Treatments consisted of five levels (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%) of inclusion of pinto beans in the diets, which remained isoenergetic and isoproteic. The experiment began with the quail at 70 days of age and lasted 63 days, with their performance assessed every 21 days and egg-quality parameters on the last two days of each cycle. The following parameters were evaluated: final weight, feed intake, egg-laying rate, feed conversion (per dozen eggs and per egg mass), egg weight, eggshell thickness, specific gravity, yolk color, and weights of shell, yolk, and albumen. No difference was detected between the bean inclusion levels for any of the performance and egg-quality traits assessed or the birds' final weight. In conclusion, up to 8% raw pinto beans may be added in diets for Japanese quail in the laying phase without compromising their performance or internal-external egg quality.

ABSTRACT. It was aimed to evaluate the effect of including the waste from passion fruit pulp extraction in diets for Japanese quail in the laying phase on their production performance and egg quality. A total of 280 female quail were distributed into five treatments with eight replicates and seven birds per cage. Treatments consisted of 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8% inclusion of passion fruit waste in the diet. The experiment began with quail at 70 days of age and lasted 63 days, with performance evaluated every 21 days and egg quality in the last two days of each cycle. There was no difference between the treatments for feed intake, body weight, specific gravity, or eggshell thickness. However, a decreasing linear regression was obtained for feed intake with the inclusion of the waste, while a quadratic response was show by egg production, weight and parts of the egg. Inclusion of up to 6% passion fruit waste in diets for quail is recommended to maintain the indices in relation to control treatment. However, the best values for egg-laying rate and for the weights of egg, albumen, yolk, and shell are obtained with 2.5 to 3.5% inclusion of passion fruit waste.

RESUMO. Objetivou-se avaliar a ação da enzima fitase em rações formuladas com variação na proteína bruta sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de ovos de poedeiras comerciais. Foram alojadas 336 poedeiras comerciais, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, com sete repetições e oito aves em cada gaiola. Os tratamentos constituíram de três níveis de proteína bruta (17, 15 e 13%) e dois níveis da enzima fitase (0 e 500 FTU kg-1 ração), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Durante cinco períodos, de 28 dias cada, foram avaliados o consumo de ração, a produção de ovos, a conversão alimentar por dúzia e por quilograma, o peso e a massa de ovos, a gravidade específica, a espessura de casca e a unidade Haugh. Constatou-se piora no desempenho das poedeiras comerciais alimentadas com 13% de proteína bruta na ração, independente da adição da fitase. Porém, em 15% de proteína bruta, a inclusão da fitase não afetou a conversão alimentar e o peso dos ovos das aves. A inclusão da fitase proporciona resultados de qualidade de ovos e desempenho iguais para os níveis de 17 e 15% de proteína bruta na ração. Não se recomenda o nível de 13% de proteína bruta, com ou sem fitase, na ração de poedeiras semipesadas.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of the phytase enzyme in diets formulated with variations in the crude protein content on performance and egg quality of commercial layers. A total of 336 commercial layers were housed at eight birds per cage in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with seven replicates. Treatments consisted of four crude-protein levels (17, 15, and 13%) and two enzyme levels (0 and 500 FTU kg-1 diet), distributed in a completely randomized design. Feed intake, egg production, feed conversion per dozen eggs and per kilogram, egg weight and mass, specific gravity, eggshell thickness, and Haugh unit were measured over five 28-day periods. The performance of commercial layers fed the diet containing 13% crude protein worsened, irrespective of phytase addition. However, at 15% crude protein, phytase inclusion did not affect feed conversion or egg weight. Inclusion of phytase leads to equal egg-quality and performance results at the dietary crude protein levels of 17 and 15%. The crude protein content of 13%, with or without phytase, is not recommended for the diet of brown-egg layers.

Foram utilizados 50 suínos machos castrados, com alto potencial genético para deposição de carne magra na carcaça e peso inicial de 60,5 ± 1,58 kg para avaliar diferentes níveis de lisina digestível sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça. Foi usado o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, cinco repetições e dois animais por repetição. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco níveis de lisina digestível (0,600; 0,700; 0,800; 0,900 e 1,000% de lisina) obtidos variando-se a proporção de milho e farelo de soja nas rações. Os animais permaneceram no experimento até atingirem o peso final de 95,8 ± 2,64 kg. Os níveis de lisina influenciaram de forma quadrática a conversão alimentar e a conversão alimentar em músculo, que melhoraram até o nível de 0,85% de lisina digestível, e o rendimento de carne magra, que aumentou até o nível de 0,840% de lisina digestível. O consumo de lisina diário aumentou de forma linear em razão dos níveis de lisina da ração. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o ganho de peso, consumo de ração, características de carcaça, rendimento de carcaça, rendimento de gordura e rendimento de pernil. Conclui-se que suínos machos castrados, dos 60 aos 95 kg, exigem 0,850% de lisina digestível, correspondente a um consumo diário estimado de 24,2 g de lisina digestível.

Fifty barrows with high genetic potential for lean gain and 60.5 ± 1.58kg of average initial live weight were used in a study to evaluate different lysine levels on performance and carcass traits. A randomized blocks experimental design, with five treatments, five replicates and two animals per replicate was used. Treatments consisted in five digestible lysine levels (0.600; 0.700; 0.800; 0.900; e 1.000%) obtained with the variation of corn and soybean meal proportion. Animals were kept in the experiment until they reached 95.8 + 2.64kg of final live weight. Lysine levels had a quadratic effect on feed conversion and feed conversion in muscle, which improved to the level of 0.85 % digestible lysine , and lean meat yield , which increased up to 0.840 % digestible lysine.The daily lysine intake increased linearly with the elevation of dietary levels of lysine. There was no effect of treatments on weight gain, feed intake, carcass traits, carcass yield, fat yield, and ham yield. It was concluded that barrows from 60 to 95 kg require 0.850% of total lysine, corresponding to a digestible lysine estimated intake of 24.2 g/day.

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da adição de antibiótico, probiótico, prebiótico e gluconato de sódio para suínos no período de 28 a 142 dias de idade, correspondente às fases de creche, crescimento e terminação. Foram utilizados 168 leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em 42 baias com quatro suínos machos castrados em cada unidade experimental, com seis repetições e sete dietas: ração basal (controle negativo); ração basal + antibiótico; ração basal + probiótico; ração basal + prebiótico; ração basal + probiótico + prebiótico (simbiótico); ração basal + gluconato de sódio; ração basal + gluconato de sódio + probiótico. O desempenho dos animais diferiu entre as dietas e foi melhor nos animais que receberam ração com aditivos no período de 28 a 142 dias de idade. Entre os aditivos, o simbiótico foi mais eficiente, pois promoveu os melhores resultados de ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. Do mesmo modo, a adição de gluconato de sódio + probiótico, prebiótico e probiótico nas rações foi mais eficiente que a adição de antibiótico. A utilização dos aditivos avaliados em substituição ao antibiótico não compromete as características de carcaça e a morfometria intestinal. A associação do probiótico e prebiótico (simbiótico) estudados melhora o desempenho dos suínos nas fases de creche, crescimento e terminação.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotic and sodium gluconate for swine from 28 to 142 days of age, corresponding to the nursery, growing and finishing phases. One hundred and sixty-eight piglets were used weaned at 21 days in a randomized complete design in 42 pens with four male piglets in each experimental unit with six replications and seven treatments: control basal feed; basal feed + antibiotic; basal feed + probiotic; basal feed + prebiotic; basal feed + probiotic + prebiotic (symbiotic); basal feed + sodium gluconate; basal feed + sodium gluconate + probiotic. The animals performance differed among he treatmentsand was best in the animals that received feed with additive from 28 to 142 days of age. Among the feeds with additive, symbiotic was more efficient, presenting the best results in weight gain and feed conversion. Similarly, the addition of sodium + probiotic, prebiotic and probiotic in the feeds was more efficient than antibiotic addition. The use of the evaluated additives substituting the antibiotics did not harm the or the intestinal morphometry. The combination of probiotic and prebiotic (symbiotic) improves the swine performance in the nursery, growing and finishing phases.

Foram utilizados 80 suínos machos castrados, híbridos comerciais de alto potencial genético para deposição de carne na carcaça, para avaliar o efeito dos níveis de triptofano digestível para suínos dos 97,0 ± 2,81 aos 125,0 ± 3,31 kg. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos (0,124; 0,133; 0,142; 0,151 e 0,160% de triptofano digestível, correspondentes às relações de 16,5; 17,7; 18,9; 20,1 e 21,3% com a lisina digestível, cada um com oito repetições de dois animais. As rações e a água foram fornecidas à vontade. O ganho de peso melhorou de forma quadrática até o nível estimado de 0,144% de triptofano digestível. Os níveis de triptofano digestível não influenciaram o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar, a espessura de toucinho e o rendimento de carne, mas afetaram de forma linear crescente o consumo de triptofano digestível. O nível de 0,144% de triptofano digestível, correspondente a uma relação com a lisina digestível de 19,2%, proporciona melhor resposta de ganho de peso em suínos machos castrados de alto potencial genético para deposição de carne na carcaça na fase dos 97,0 aos 125,0 kg.

Eighty barrows, commercial hybrids of high genetic potential for lean meat deposition in the carcass, were used to evaluate the effect digestible tryptophan levels for pigs from 97.0 ± 2.81 to 125.0 ± 3.31 kg. A randomized experimental block design was used, with five treatments (0.124; 0.133; 0.142, 0.151 and 0.160% of digestible tryptophan, corresponding to digestible lysine ratio of 16.5, 17.7, 18.9, 20.1 and 21.3%), each one with eight replications of two animals. Diets and water were supplied ad libitum. Weight gain quadraticaly improved up to the estimated level of 0.144% of digestible tryptophan. Digestible tryptophan levels did not influence feed intake, feed:gain ratio, backfat thickness and lean meat yield. However, treatments linearly affected digestible tryptophan intake. Digestible tryptophan level of 0.144%, corresponding to a digestible lysine ratio of 19.2% provides the best weight gain in barrows with high genetic potential for lean meat deposition in the carcass in the phase from 97.0 to 125.0 kg.

Um experimento foi conduzido para comparar diversos níveis e fontes protéicas utilizados em rações sobre o desempenho, a morfometria intestinal e a relação peso de pâncreas/peso de carcaça de leitões de 36 a 70 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 96 leitões desmamados distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições de quatro animais. Avaliaram-se seis fontes protéicas (tratamentos): leite em pó desnatado (8,80 e 12,00%); isolado protéico de soja (3,20 e 4,50%); farinha de peixe (5,00%); e levedura seca (10,00%). As dietas, isoenergéticas e isoprotéicas, não afetaram o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar dos animais, contudo, os animais que receberam a dieta contendo leite em pó desnatado apresentaram maior consumo no período de 56 a 63 dias de idade. Não houve efeito significativo das fontes protéicas sobre a altura de vilos, a profundidade de cripta e a relação peso do pâncreas/peso corporal. As fontes protéicas estudadas e os níveis utilizados nas dietas não influenciaram o desempenho, a morfologia intestinal e a relação peso de pâncreas/peso de carcaça em leitões de 36 a 70 dias de idade

An experiment was conducted to compare different levels and sources of protein on performance, intestinal morphology and pancreas weight/carcass weight ratio in the diets of piglets from 36 to 70 days old. A total of 96 piglets was allotted to a randomized experimental block design in six diets, with different levels and protein sources, four replicates of four animals per experimental unit. The levels and the protein sources evaluated were: dry skim milk (8.80 and 12.00%), isolated soybean protein (3.20 and 4.50%), fish meal (5.00%) and dry yeast (10.00%). The diets were isoenergetics and isoproteics. The diets did not affect weight gain and feed conversion of the animals, however, the pigs that were fed diet with dry skim milk showed higher feed intake from 56 to 63 days old. There was no effect of protein sources on villus height, crypt depth and pancreas weight/carcass weight ratio. The levels and protein sources in the diet did not affect performance, intestinal morphology and pancreas weight/carcass ratio of the piglets from 36 to 70 days old.

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de lisina digestível na ração sobre o desempenho de leitões dos 6 aos 15 kg. Foram utilizados 120 leitões (80 machos castrados e 40 fêmeas), distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (1,06; 1,16; 1,26; 1,36 e 1,46% de lisina digestível na ração), oito repetições e três animais por unidade experimental, mantidos em ambiente termoneutro. Os níveis de lisina digestível na ração não influenciaram o consumo diário de ração. Entretanto, o consumo de lisina digestível, o ganho de peso e a deposição de proteína corporal aumentaram de forma linear de acordo com os níveis de lisina digestível na ração. Os níveis de lisina digestível na ração influenciaram a conversão alimentar, que variou de forma quadrática, reduzindo até o nível estimado de 1,41% de lisina digestível. O nível estimado de no mínimo de 1,46% proporcionou melhores resultados de ganho de peso e deposição de proteína na carcaça de leitões dos 6 aos 15 kg mantidos em ambiente termoneutro.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of digestible lysine in diets on the performance of piglets from 6 to 15 kg. One hundred and twenty piglets (80 castrated males and 40 females) were used. The piglets were allotted to a completely randomized block design, with five treatments (1.06, 1.16, 1.26, 1.36, and 1.46% of digestible lysine), eight replicates and three animals per experimental unit, kept in thermoneutral environment. The dietary level of digestible lysine did not affect daily feed intake. However, the digestible lysine intake, weight gain and body protein deposition increased linearly according to the dietary lysine levels. The dietary digestible lysine levels affected feed:gain ratio that reduced in a quadratic way until the estimated dietary digestible lysine level of 1.41%. The estimated level at least of 1.46% provided the higher weight gain and body protein deposition to piglets from 6 to 15 kg on thermoneutral environment.

Dois experimentos foram realizados para avaliar a digestibilidade aparente da EB, MS e PB em alimentos energéticos e protéicos utilizados para cães adultos. Foram utilizados quatro cães adultos (13,1 ± 2,0 kg), dois machos e duas fêmeas, sem raça definida, na avaliação de cada alimento. Os animais receberam a mesma quantidade de ração por unidade de peso metabólico. No experimento 1, foi determinado o valor nutritivo dos alimentos energéticos e, no experimento 2, os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos alimentos protéicos. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da EB do milho extrusado (ME), do milho gelatinizado (MG), da gordura de coco e do óleo de soja, em dois níveis de inclusão (OS1 e OS2), e da gordura suína foram, respectivamente, 85,1; 84,4; 92,5; 92,1; 96,2 e 98,6%. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS e PB do ME e MG foram, respectivamente, 84,2 e 65,3 e 84,5 e 65,0%. Na soja integral extrusada e nas farinhas de carne, de carne extrusada, de vísceras, de vísceras extrusada, de peixe extrusada e de pena extrusada, foram obtidos, respectivamente, os seguintes coeficientes de digestibilidade: 80,0; 73,3; 80,7; 87,6; 91,2; 91,1 e 79,8% da EB; 80,0; 68,4; 87,8; 86,7; 88,1; 85,2 e 76,0% da MS; e 83,7; 74,7; 82,3; 88,0; 88,9; 91,9 e 82,3% da PB.

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the apparent digestibility of GE, DM and CP in energy and high protein feedstuffs for adult dogs. Four adult mongrel dogs (two males and two females) averaging of 13.1 ± 2.0 kg were used in both trials, to evaluate each feedstuff. The animals were fed the same amount of food per metabolic weight. The nutritive value of energy feedstuffs was evaluated in the trial 1. In the trial 2, the digestibility coefficients of protein feedstuffs were evaluated. The digestibility coefficients of GE in extruded corn (EC), gelatinized corn (GC), coconut oil, and soybean oil, in two levels of inclusion (5%-OS1 and 12%-OS2) and swine fat were respectively of 85.1, 84.4, 92.5, 92.1, 96.2, and 98.6%. The digestibility coefficients of DM and CP of EC and GC were, respectively, of 84.2 and 65.3 and 84.5 and 65.0%. The digestibility coefficients of extruded whole soybean, meat meal, extruded meat meal, poultry by-product meal, extruded poultry by-product meal, extruded fish meal, and extruded feather meal were, respectively, of 80.0, 73.3, 80.7, 87.6, 91.2, 91.1, and 79.8% for GE, of 80.0, 68.4, 87.8, 86.7, 88.1, 85.2, and 76.0 for DM and of 83.7, 74.7, 82.3, 88.0, 88.9, 91.9, and 82.3% for CP.